The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

Background: The diagnosis of malignant and potentially malignant epithelial lesions of the oral mucosa cannot be based solely on clinical findings. Therefore, histologic evaluation of a representative biopsy specimen is necessary. However the site for the biopsy is always a subjective choice that sometimes raises doubts about its representativeness. Colposcopy, a well-known gynecological diagnostic procedure, is helpful in the selection of these epithelial dysplasia areas depending upon the vascular pattern. Hence, this study assesses the role of colposcopic examination in the selection of biopsy sites for carcinomas of the buccal mucosa.Methods: This study included 30 patients between the ages of 30-60 years who were clinically diagnosed with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and a control group that consisted of 25 healthy, age-matched individuals. For each subject, a thorough clinical examination followed by colposcopic assessment was performed. The most representative site was selected for biopsy from the involved buccal mucosa. The biopsy specimens that measured 6 mm were obtained by punch biopsy and subjected to histopathologic examination. The histopathologic findings were then compared in the two cases.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of biopsies performed on the basis of clinical criteria was found to be more appropriate compared to biopsies directed through colposcopic examination.Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that clinical criterion was found to be more appropriate for the selection of biopsy specimens in cases of carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.

Objective(s): Nowadays, the four principles of medical ethics having the advantage of cultural impartiality are widely used for guidance of decision making regarding ethical issues in medicine. This article is aimed to review the Practical implications of each one of these principles in gamete and embryo donation, and gives a general and Practical overview regarding of those ethical issues. The following topics are discussed regarding each principle: Respect for Autonomy: Informed consent of donor and recipient (s) of the gamete or embryo; inhibition of coercion; issues regarding sex (or other characteristics) selection; using dead bodies or aborted fetuses as donor; cases of conflict between physician and recipient opinions about discontinuing of the achieved pregnancy. Beneficence: Inclusion of this principle to In Vitro produced embryos and possibility of considering any “benefit” for a human embryo before transferring to a uterus. Nonmaleficence: Right of recipients to receiving a healthy gamete or embryo (without any known or detectable abnormality), its differences with eugenics, and right of transferred embryo to life. Conclusion: Justice: Distributive justice in allocation of donated gametes or embryos and public access to such services, insurance coverage, and right of access to gamete donation for postmenopausal women or couples without normal or apparently persistent relations.

The upcoming study investigates the design and use of vertical-axis wind turbines for power extraction in Chahnimeha, Zabol. In Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, due to the vastness and climatic barriers, the use of renewable energy can greatly contribute to the well-being of people. Using the meteorological data of this province, the average wind speed in the Chahnime region is estimated at 6.4 m/s. At first, 4 airfoils with the highest lift-to-drag coefficient have been selected and studied for wind turbine design. By choosing the best airfoil among the four examined ones, a wind turbine with 3 different blade sizes and rotor radius was designed. The wind turbine, which is designed with a blade length of 3 meters and a rotor radius of 1.5 m, has the best performance. The vertical axis wind turbine has been investigated in 4 models with 3, 5, 7, and 9 blades. The power factor of the 3-bladed turbine is equal to 0.30, and of the 7-bladed wind turbine is equal to 0.45. Among the examined wind turbines, the best wind turbine with 7 blades was chosen. The reduction of wind speed before the blades is influenced by the solidity of the wind turbine. The study of wind turbine exergy was used to investigate the environmental effects such as humidity and temperature on the performance of wind turbines in the climatic region of Zabol. The exergy efficiency of the designed 3-blade and 7-blade wind turbine is equal to 45 and 75%, which shows the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the wind turbine efficiency in a climate region. The results of this study clearly show that it is possible to use a 7-blade vertical axis wind turbine to provide electricity to areas far from the grid and to produce scattered.